濁音,半濁音

じぢ ji
ジヂ
(好像用じ和ジ较多？)

ずづ zu
ズヅ
（好像用づ和ズ较多？ 図ず)

http://jisho.org/
か（ka)
A. Particle
1. indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)was written as 歟; used at sentence-end
2. or; whether or notafter each alternative
3. some- (e.g. something, someone)See also 何か, after an interrogative
4. indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.See also とか, sometimes after other particles
B. Prefix
5. emphatic prefixSee also か弱い, usu. before an adjective
C. Suffix
6. suffix forming adjectives or adverbsSee also 定か, after an indeclinable word


が[ga]
A. Particle
1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
B. Particle, Conjunction
3. but; however; still; and


When to use Ga?
refer from
http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa051301a.htm

1) Ga with Question Words
When a question word such as "who" and "what" is the subject of a sentence, it is always followed by "ga," never by "wa." To answer the question, it also has to be followed by "ga."
Dare ga kimasu ka.
Who is coming?

Yoko ga kimasu.
Yoko is coming

2) Ga as Emphasis
"Ga" is used for emphasis, to distinguish a person or thing from all others. If a topic is marked with "wa," the comment is the most important part of the sentence. On the other hand, if a subject is marked with "ga," the subject is the most important part of the sentence. In English, these differences are sometimes expressed in tone of voice. Compare these sentences.

た(ta)
Auxiliary verb
1. indicate past completed or actionSee also だ, だ after certain verb forms
2. indicates light imperative

だ(da)   单字：誰（だれ）
1. be; isSee also である, See also です, plain copula
Auxiliary verb
2. indicates past or completed actionSee also た, た after certain verb forms
3. indicates light imperative

て(te)
Auxiliary
1. indicates continuing action

で(de)
A. Particle
1. indicates location of action; at; inにて is the formal literary form
2. indicates time of action
3. indicates means of action; cause of effect; by
B. Conjunction
4. and then; so
C. Auxiliary
5. indicates continuing actionOnly applies to で, See also て, alternate form of 〜て used for some verb types
D. Particle
6. indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.Kansai dialect, Only applies to で, See also よ, at sentence-end
Other forms
にて